| Japanese |  Index Bacteriology We discovered that S. aureus acquired methicillin-resistance gene mecA through the mobile genetic element called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) in 2000.  We also determined the first whole genome nucleotide sequence of MRSA in 2001.  We reported the first MRSA strain with vancomycin-intermediate resistance(VISA) in 1996, and uncovered its resistance mechanism by series of experiments since then. We clarified that enhanced synthesis of cell-wall peptidoglycan and reduced autolysis of the cell are the basic mechanism.  In 2012, We discovered a group of antibiotics that are active on quinolone-resistant bacteria, whereas inactive against quinolone-susceptible bacteria, and named them as 'Reverse Antibiotics'. By using RA and extant antibiotics in a well-controlled way, we would be able to establish a sophisticated anti-microbial chemotherapy in the future. References: Tsubakishita S, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010;54:1469-75. Hiramatsu K, et al. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39:478-85. Hiramatsu K, et al. Infect Chemother. 2013;45:117-36. Hiramatsu K, et al. J Global Antimicrobial Resistance 2014;2:213-224. Saito M, et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:5024-35. Hiramatsu K, et al. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20:593-601. Virology Influenza is a global public health issue that causes a serious illness with a high mortality rate. Antiviral drugs and vaccines are effective medical strategies to control influenza virus infection. We have identified novel anti-influenza virus compounds that have molecular targets different from currently available drugs. We are also developing novel influenza vaccines that induce broadly protective and long-lasting immune responses. Development of new drugs and vaccines against influenza would contribute to controlling influenza and decreasing influenza-related deaths. Medical School Education Lectures 1. Introduction Introduction of infectious diseases 2. Pathogenic Microorganisms Genetic mechanism of pathogenic microorganisms 3. Prevention Sterilization and disinfection 4. Chemotherapy Antibacterial chemotherapy, mode of action 5. Staphylococcus, Stpreptiococcus Gram-positive cocci (facultative anaerobic, anaerobic) 6. Spore producing Bacteria Gram-positive bacilli 7. Virulent Pathogens,Opportunistic Pathogens Pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria 8. Environmental Bacteria Normal Flora Gram-negative bacilli (aerobic-anaerobic bacteria) Gram-negative cocci 9. Mycobacterium Mycobacterium, Spirochete 10. Zoonotic disease Animal-derived infection 11. Athlete's foot Meningitis Fungal infection 20. Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma obligate intracellular parasite, bacteria without cell walls 23. DNA virus Herpesvirus 24. RNA virus Influenza virus 25. AIDS virus Retrovirus 26. Diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases National examination-related lectures  | Japanese |  Index

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